2. How to read this report

Every performance measurement carries a limited_by field recording what ran
out first
. Without it a reader cannot tell a product measurement from a
measurement of our test rig.

limited_by Means Treat as a product figure?
bng The platform was the constraint Yes
generator Our load generators ran out first It depends — see below
rss Receive-side distribution capped it No — RSS is the limit
none Neither side saturated No — a latency or shape result
controller The controller was the constraint Yes, but name the component
serial-by-design One operation in flight on purpose No — latency, not throughput

A generator label alone is not enough to judge a forwarding cell, because it
covers two different situations. If the generators had the link essentially full
and the box forwarded everything with zero loss, that is a wire-speed result
and a legitimate product figure. If the generators never filled the link, the
cell is a floor that understates the platform. The forwarding matrix in §5.7
separates these explicitly and this report never promotes a floor into a claim.

Two further conventions used throughout:

  • offered_headroom > 1 means work arrived faster than the box drained it,
    so the measured rate is the box's own. Below 1, the figure measures our
    request rather than the platform.
  • completion_rate is preferred over mean_rate. Mean rate divides by
    wall clock including ramp, and understates the platform.

A skip is not a pass. Each of the four is named in §6.2 with its reason.